BACKGROUND
With the June of 2004 Regulation on Foundations issued in China, a new type of non-profits – non-publicly fund-raising foundations (Fei Gong Mu) was created. Chinese private foundations are equivalent to the following categories of nonprofits in the US: private (including family) foundations, corporate foundations, operating foundations, some community foundations, some university endowments and some public charities. For easier understanding, we use the term “Chinese private foundations” hereafter in this report but highlight the specific categories when needed.
Since 2004, the number of Chinese private foundations has increased rapidly. The official data from China Charity Information Center shows: by the end of 2008, China had 643 private foundations, with growth rate of 30-40% annually. Of the 39 private foundations registered with the Ministry of Civil Affairs (national level of operation) by the end of 2008, the average endowment valued RMB 39.09 million.
However, “born too early ” has become a general comment on their development. Private foundations face all kinds of challenges, namely, governance, strategy development and management issues including program, finance, human resources, assets, communication, etc. The Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 was called “the beginning year of China’s civil society”. But the role that the private foundations played was far below expectations:  Not in terms of the volume of their giving, but rather in where and how the giving was made.
The government, particularly the NGO Bureau of the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MoCA) has been encouraging the establishment of new private foundations and has become increasingly worried about the quality of the organizations, their programs and management, as well as potential abuses of the system.  New private foundations also find themselves not cooperating well with other types of non-profits, including grassroots NGOs and Publicly Fund-raising Foundations (public charities in US context).  Whether it is possible to have a healthy civil society depends largely on private foundations, and capacity building for them is critical at this stage.  The issue of private foundation capacity building was widely discussed at the first annual conference of the China Private Forum Forum (PFF) in July 2009.
Mercy Corps, with local CSO capacity building as one of its strategic goals in China, sees both the need and urgency for private foundation capacity building.  Being familiar with  and recognized in the foundation sector both in China and in the US, Mercy Corps developed the China Private Philanthropy Leadership program as a pilot of its efforts to help the Chinese private foundations to grow in a strong and healthy way.
 
ACTIVITIES
Mercy Corps collaborates with its Chinese partner the China Private Foundation Forum (PFF). PFF was responsible for selecting delegates and delegate logistics. Mercy Corps was responsible for arranging all professional activities, facilitating the exchanges before, during, and after the activities, and providing backup support in logistics.  The program turned out to be a great success.
1. Between October 25 and November 5 (travel days included), the delegation travelled to Boston, New York and San Francisco.  Delegates:
- attended a seminar specifically designed for the delegation and co-organized by The Philanthropy Initiative (TPI) and the Hauser Center of Nonprofits at Harvard University where we learned about the history and landscape of the US foundations, the legal and regulatory frameworks of US foundations and nonprofits, etc.;
- participated in panels specifically focusing on different types of foundations, new models of giving, and Chinese philanthropy development with moderators and speakers from TPI, The Boston Foundation, Boston Scientific Foundation, Remmer Family Foundation, China Medical Board, Root Cause and Center for Applied Philanthropy;
- presented at an open forum on governance of Chinese private foundations at the Harvard Kennedy School with an audience from the University and the Boston community;
- visited prominent foundations and institutions in the US including private foundations such as the Ford Foundation, Starr Foundation, Asia Foundation, Packard Foundation;  community foundations such as the Silicon Valley Community Foundation; intermediary organizations such as Give2Asia; infrastructure institutions such as TPI, the Foundation Center, Philanthropy New York, the Synergos Institute; the Mercy Corps Action Center both as the key host organization and as an implementing public charity;  the Chinese diaspora charity 1990 Institute.  The delegation was unable to visit the Rockefeller Brother’s Fund, but received materials and Peter Geithner’s introduction on RBF;
- facilitated interaction between Chinese foundation and NPO leaders and American institutions including the Harvard Asia Center and Fairbank Center, prominent Chinese diaspora organizations such as Committee of 100, officials from the State of New York, etc. at receptions and community activities.
To the great appreciation of the delegation and Mercy Corps, almost all the receiving organizations were generous in sending a group of key managers to the meetings, led by the CEO, President, or trustee.  The full schedule of the visit can be found in Attachment A.
2. The members of the Chinese delegation were representative and influential in the future development of Chinese private foundations.  The list of participantes is in Attachment B.  Notably:
- The group was a highly diversified group of people in terms of:  A) the work of each organization represented.  Areas of focus include migrant children education, volunteering, rural preliminary education, ecological community, social entrepreneurship, private think-tanks, reading rooms, charity,  as well as NPO capacity building; and B) the different working models that their foundations take including grant-making, operating, and mixtures of both;
- The delegation included persons who can be considered the "Founding Fathers of Chinese NPOs" - Mr. Xu Yongguang, the head of the delegation and Mr. He Daofeng particularly, although Mr. He was not able to join the trip due to his falling sick.  Mr. Xu spoke eloquently during the trip on China’s private foundations, China-US comparisons, and pushed the delegates to think deeper and more strategically and to act quickly and effectively.
- There were several well known professionals in foundation leadership roles, including Mr. Yang Dongping, an intellectual and practitioner advocating education justice. He heads one foundation and two NGOs.  Mr. Yang Ping used to be a well-known media reporter/columnist, then ran a membership NGO promoting corporate social responsibility and the environment, and is now heading another private foundation.  Both of them published their writings on the US visit soon after they returned to China.
3. Since the delegation returned to Beijing, there have been three major events for reporting and sharing of experiences. On November 10, the PFF invited the delegates to share the visit results with 30 foundation or NPO representatives. Mercy Corps CEO Neal Keny-Guyer and Senior Vice President Paul Dudley Hart were also present. On November 18 at the MoCA-sponsored forum on foundations and social innovation, Mr. Xu Yongguang, Mr. Rao Jinxing and several other delegates spoke to around 100 people on their feedback from the US visit.  Mercy Corps was invited to speak about the visit at the Shanghai NPO Forum on November 27 to some 120 people.  At the Ford Foundation- sponsored Chinese NGO Capacity Building Workshop on December 1st, a Mercy Corps representative spoke on new thinking in this area with brief introduction of the visit project as an example.  Delegates have been invited to present general feedback or specific issues about the US foundations at various other events. Blogs, articles and reports have been published or shared among delegates. The list of major contributions is provided in Attachment C of this report.
WHAT WAS LEARNED
When designing the program, 6 purposes were identified to guide the whole visit:
 Increase knowledge of the history, theory, and legal and regulatory framework of  US private foundations, corporate foundations, family foundations and community foundations (equivalent to Chinese private philanthropy, hereafter referred to as “their counterparts”);
 Learn their counterparts’ practices at the organizational level;
 Share Chinese private philanthropists’ experiences, questions, and challenges;
 Compare differences and commonalities to draw experiences and lessons from their counterparts;
 Formulate a roadmap to improve the work of each organization upon the delegates’ return to China; and
 Strengthen support for and participation in the China Private Philanthropy Forum in its capacity building and networking efforts for greater impact on China’s civil society development.
In general, all delegates reported that these goals were achieved.  This was expressed both during the trip and in the meetings that followed in China.  It became a “[positive] shocking experience” to many delegates. Most of the delegates have been to the US before, and several of them including Mr. Xu Yongguang had taken trips to look at American NPOs before, but this was the first time that the focus was on foundations.  This was also the first time for the delegates to visit the US as private foundation representatives.
An “eye-opening” experience
The delegates were particularly impressed by the following:
1. The size and role of the NPO sector in the United States.
Figures on total giving, the NPO contribution to the economy, etc. have been talked about and quoted often. Delegates conclude that the NPO sector helps to stabilize American society, in contrast to the comparably small private giving (but huge potential) of public interest efforts in China.  Delegates found that the average 2% giving of income per household across different economic classes interesting; and that 82% of private giving is from individuals (including bequests) fascinating.
There have been very few family foundations and community foundations in China so far. However, surprisingly, the delegates found great interest in these two types of foundations and committed to promote the development of them when they return from the trip.  Mr. Rao Jinxing has since talked with several local Civil Affairs Bureaus to encourage them to support setting up community foundations.
2. The established and dynamic “public interest value chain”. Delegates observed not only the size, but also the “system” that allows a vast diversity of nonprofits to prosper, and make sustained impact.  The “system” is a wide concept that includes legal and regulatory frameworks, NPO sector by-laws and self-regulations, various support organizations and efforts, best practices for collaborations between the "three sectors", etc.  The whole “value chain” in the sense of both funding and the values it conveys or shares is smooth, sustainable and strong.  Several delegates criticized the “broken public interest value chain” in China as compared with the US.
3. The diversity of public and civic life and professionalism.
An individual, no matter what affiliation he or she has, what the needs are, what resource level he or she enjoys or lacks, he or she has multiple choices in the US.  This is also true about institutions.  Delegates were amazed at the vast spectrum of sectors and fields the American NPOs work in and contribute to, while Chinese foundations and NPOs focus mostly on charity or other kinds of traditional services. Even with the smaller example of support organizations for foundations, there are national organizations that provide services such as the Foundation Center, national membership organizations such as the Council on Foundations, and regional organizations such as Philanthropy New York. These organizations are all different to meet different needs of the foundations or NPOs.  It was noted that there is an increasing call for more diversified staff and boards in the US.  To the Chinese delegates, the structural diversity is easier to achieve, but the cultural diversity, though important, is far from achievable immediately.
Because of this diversity, American foundations and NPOs can operate in a professional manner, therefore strengthening each organization and the whole sector. The delegates were interested in the GrantCraft initiative of the Ford Foundation and saw it as a useful tool for attempts to standardize Chinese foundations’ practices.
There can also be conflict between diversity and standardization. To the Chinese delegates, although now they see the power of diversity, they think standardization in practice is more urgent for efficiency and transparency reasons for China.
4. The heat of spirit and action on social innovation/social entrepreneurship.
Throughout the trip, every organization spoke about social innovation. The concept ranges from macro level – three sector collaboration, to specific programs. No consensus was reached, but the general idea was for increased three sector cooperation in all countries.  Specifically, the delegates were all impressed by the following highlights about social innovations:
 The philosophy and tradition for foundations to take risks. An example was the “Special opportunity fund” created at the Packard Foundation to support innovations. One panelist at the Asia Foundation and Give2Asia roundtable commented that “foundations don not invest in problems, but in solutions”.  As foundation leaders, the delegates felt a stronger commitment to be the “R&D department” of social development in China.
 New models of giving.  This was the first time for the delegates to get a systematic overview of donor-advised-funds, venture philanthropy, PRI or loans, etc.  There have been few similar experiments in China.  Some delegates were more interested in these topics than others, for example those from the China Social Entrepreneur Foundation.
 Business models.  Service fees and membership dues take up a very small percentage of Chinese NPO revenue.  The delegates are “jealous” of American NPOs, as most of them used to struggle to sustain their programs or even their organizations when they were heading Chinese NPOs.  Now as foundation executives, they find the Silicon Valley Community Foundation exciting, particularly its business model.  Mr. Xu Yongguang called it a “revolution to the NPO sector”. The China Social Entrepreneur Foundation announced at a meeting on November 10th that an affiliated investment company of the Foundation would extend its services to other Chinese foundations or NPOs, similar to the SVCF business model of helping to manage their assets as well as advise on programs.  Other delegates are more in a “watching” and “wait and see” mode, for in China the legal and regulatory framework is so much more restrictive on NPOs making investments or profits - for fear of abuses.
 Using more information and communication technology. For example, the Foundation Center uses powerful search functions of the Internet to collect, analyze and disseminate information on foundations and NPOs worldwide. Mercy Corps' Action Center to End World Hunger uses Google Earth and computer programs to help people understand global challenges and act on them.
An opportunity to produce results and push for action
The delegation consisted of an exciting group of people who have representational roles, sectoral or public influence, and unbiased commitment to help strengthen the foundation sector in China.  During the trip, each organization’s stories were shared and each delegate’s philosophy and styles were made clearer to others.  The US experience's relevance to China was discussed and debated, and the friendship among the delegates became stronger. The following action points were made during and soon after the trip, specifically:
1. Disseminate the information collected for and during the trip.  Mercy Corps prepared a handbook for each delegate.  In the handbook there are materials that can be useful to other Chinese foundations or NPOs, for instance the 9 selected “case stories” which exemplify American foundations’ contribution to social progress; presentation of participating organizations and their websites, etc.  Mercy Corps is also collecting presentations and papers received during the trip, and the delegates’ own reports, articles (including blogs), pictures and video.  Mercy Corps has started uploading these to its website under the “social innovation” heading (http://meici.org.cn/modules/article/view.category.php/26). Delegates have been invited to speak on the trip after they return, with audiences including the Ministry of Civil Affairs, municipal Civil Affairs, foundations, NPOs, think-tanks and universities, etc.  The information dissemination work needs more coordination and strategic planning at the next phase.
2. Establish a Foundation Center for China.  The Foundation Center was a highlight during the trip – some delegates “dreamed" of their visit there. Their “Philanthropy In/Sight” tool impressed all delegates. And the thought of linking it to China’s existing framework of NPO self-regulation excited the delegates who saw this as a powerful tool to enhance transparency. Several foundation representatives in the group committed to bring this topic to their board or staff for possible contribution to this effort. Leaders from the publicly fundraising foundations have also been mobilized and expressed interest in collaborating. Mr. Xu Yongguang expected a preliminary plan to be ready at the end of December.
3. Continue international exchange programs and make them regular and accessible. Peter Geithner and Mercy Corps have been congratulated on putting together this trip. For reasons explained above, the delegates thought it a valuable experience not only for them, the organizations they represent, the community of China private foundations, and the NPO sector as whole, but also to other people in this field and those joining in this field.  Against the list of purposes in the original plan, we now can be comfortable saying that we never thought we would copy everything from the US; but what the delegates experienced during the intensive program helps the Chinese foundation leaders to better understand what the alternatives are, where we can improve, whom we can connect to in the future for advice or cooperation, and when and how to engage, invest, or raise voices. Mercy Corps is pleased to find that the delegates maximized the opportunity and benefited by being better informed of successes and failures in the US sector. The active interactions with the US counterparts also made the Chinese delegates more confident. Impressed by the international development efforts US organizations have made, a few delegates have started talking about “working hand-in-hand with US organizations in Africa!” This would have been an impossible conversation in China. Mr. Xu Yongguang said at the meeting hosted by the Asia Foundation and Give2Asia that “I believe that it would take less than 30 years for China to become the second largest country of philanthropies, only next to the US”.
Other specific ideas include a continued US-China foundation “summit” in an alternating country each year, with different focus groups, such as the founders of foundations from China, bringing US experts to China, exchange programs with other countries, etc.
An excellent network to build on
Since the group returned to China, it has reached out to different meetings and forums to talk about the trip and what has been learned.  One topic is the use of the terms NPO vs NGO in China, for example.  Another was from a delegate seeking comments about a recent donation made by a funder of the foundation.  The group has become a small network for peer learning and has demonstrated a willingness to reach out to other organizations and networks and impact both capacity building and advocacy. On the 18th of December, delegation members have been invited to talk at aa MoCA-sponsored NPO Forum will focus on donation of stocks.  Mercy Corps has also helped invite a US legal expert to speak on that topic.  It is hoped that the dynamics of the network will continue and becomes stronger in the future if the network enlarges.
FACTORS OF SUCCESS
1) The right people as organizers. Three individuals were crucial in this program: Peter Geithner, advisor of the program (Advisor, Harvard Asia Center); Xu Yongguang, head of the delegation (Deputy Director of the Board and Secretary General, Narada Foundation); and Chen Yimei, deputy head of the delegation (Mercy Corps China Country Director).  All three people know both Chinese and US NPO sectors, particularly the foundation communities well.  Their contribution in developing the initiative, setting up the program and facilitating the meetings made sure that delegates received the maximum outcome.  They recognized throughout the process what was most needed for the delegates and the Chinese community, and who are the best “suppliers” of information and best practices. Peter Geithner’s tremendous input including his volunteering his time to travel with the group for a week has touched every delegate’s heart.
2) Preparation.  Peter and Yimei started exploring the idea of a study tour by Chinese private foundations since 2008 as an effort to enhance capacity building for this emerging sector. Several pre-trips were made in China and the US, enabling extensive discussions on partnerships, themes to explore, methodology, US receiving organizations, delegation composition, funding scheme, etc. Ford Foundation’s support for Peter and two other US philanthropy experts (Paula Johnson and David Winder)’s participation in the first annual conference of the China Private Philanthropy Forum and them giving a full day seminar on foundation issues in July greatly contributed to a set of better targeted objectives for the Chinese delegation to the US. Peter and Mercy Corps weaved a powerful program through numerous emails and phone calls with the receiving organizations in the US. The Handbook Mercy Corps prepared for the delegates and the receiving organizations became guiding materials and very helpful to the face-to-face communications. In general, the organizing institutions and individuals, the delegates and the receiving organizations in the US were all well-prepared and guaranteed the accuracy of information transmission based on mutual interest and efficiency of the entire study trip.
3)  Support from the Ford Foundation and receiving organizations in the US.  The Ford Foundation provided partial support (institutional through the Harvard Asia Center and individual through FF Beijing Office) and huge moral support to this program.  The Philanthropy Initiative (TPI) and the Harvard Hauser Center put together a wonderful overview of the US foundations (see description in the ACTIVITIES section and the full schedule in Attachment A).  All receiving organizations including the Rockefeller Brothers Fund were extremely well-prepared for the meetings, showed interest in the Chinese experiences and offered support for the Chinese community when needed in the future. On behalf of Mercy Corps and the Chinese delegates, I hope that they all too enjoyed the activities together and there will be further cooperation in the future.
WHAT COULD HAVE BEEN DONE DIFFERENTLY
1, It may be more useful for the delegates to have a wider exposure to the American corporate foundations.  3/4 of Chinese private foundations are corporate foundations, and this is the type of foundation that the Chinese government and the public are more concerned about.  These organizations were not well represented in the first delegation, but from the perspective of Chinese private foundations as a whole, more is to be learned about corporate foundations'  role, relationship with businesses, governance, best practices, failures, etc.
2, More funders or founders could have benefited by joining the trip. The original plan was to include both funders or founders and the foundation executives. There were 4 funders or founders in the original list but 3 were not able to come due to schedule conflicts or illness. In the future, some shorter trips or in-China activities can be arranged to cater to this group of people. The benefit of having them in the group is because that: first, they are the first generation Chinese philanthropists, and their awareness is crucial; and second, these people and their CEOs travel and learning and sharing together would help them understand each other better.
3, More formal needs assessment and evaluation would be useful.  Due to time constraints (the list of participants were not confirmed until September), we were not able to make a specific needs assessment or a quantitative evaluation plan.  Mercy Corps and the China Private Foundation Development Forum have worked together to collect more feedback information from the delegates on retrospective sense and seek comments and recommendations from parties interested.
WHAT TO EXPECT FROM OUTSIDE CHINA
It is a good time to review what has been achieved and what can be done next in NGO capacity building area in China. For this I applaud the Ford Foundation Beijing Office’s efforts by calling for an intensive sharing and thinking workshop in Beijing on December 1st. I myself through experiences of funding, implementing, organizing and observing various kinds of CB programs, believe that there warrant some new thinking and strategies on CB work in China, including the role of international resources and “awareness” programs for the newly-established or emerging private foundations.
Specifically from this foundation leadership US visit program, the delegates suggested the following (with some added emphasis by myself):
1, Strengthen financial support in Chinese private philanthropy’s educational and capacity building initiatives for another 5-10 years.  The needs are tremendous given the rapid growth of the NPO sector and the continually increasing need for more civic participation. Few donors tend to make investment in this area.  It is even a more uncommon area for Chinese donors to fund. While a few Chinese organizations are now more aware of the importance of these issues and can afford perhaps part of the cost that is associated with learning and sharing activities, the general mentality that this is a “cost”, not an “investment”.  The danger lies right there – without good sense and skills NPO programs don’t yield or grow, leading to the public doubt about the credibility of NPOs, and making the civic sector weaker. But international interest and resources can play the role as a role model and a facilitator by introducing and showcasing a “virtuous circle” instead.
2, Introduce Chinese philanthropists or foundation representatives to the international arena. Peer learning and sharing are valuable, for it is a source of both resources to grow and pressure to change. Regional or international conferences or field visits are one of the most straightforward ways to learn intensively from extensive experiences or thoughts. Global fellowship programs will create added value too.
3, Bring expertise to China.  Specifically, this may include: 1) Advice and training activities: trainings of all sorts particularly in program management, financial management and M&E, stories by role models (Bill Gates for example), literature publications (case books for example), or mentoring.  2) Placement of interns or volunteers:  experiences show that this is a powerful approach to nurture a human resources pool for organizations.  3) Joint grants or joint implementation of projects.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Mercy Corps is very proud of being able to perceive this emerging and significant development trend of the civil society in China and acting on it with its Chinese partner China Private Foundation Development Forum in an effective way.
Mercy Corps global leadership has paid extra attention and was involved in the program extensively by speaking to the delegates, giving receptions to introduce Chinese foundation leaders to American community, participating in the delegates’ report and sharing workshop, and committing continued support for this social innovations effort in China.
We thank all the receiving organizations in Boston, New York and San Francisco Bay Area. Mercy Corps and the delegates appreciate the intellect, professionalism and passion shown in each of the individuals in those organizations and hope to reciprocate their hospitality in the near future. Also, some “peer” communications between the Chinese delegates and the US organizations have started in term of specific cooperation opportunities.
China Private Foundation Development Forum as the partner organization of Mercy Corps on this project has made great efforts in putting up together a “dream team”.
Last but not the least, a special acknowledgement of thanks should go to Peter Geithner and the Ford Foundation for being the powerhouse behind the success.
We look forward to more opportunities in the future to work together to bring the change by being the change.
Report written and submitted by:
Yimei Chen, Mercy Corps China Country Director
12B Building No. 3, No. 48 North Third Ring Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100086, China
Tel：(86 10) 5162 6320, Fax：(86 10) 5162 6321
http://china.mercycorps.org (Chinese)
http://www.mercycorps.org/countries/china (English)
Attachment A Full Schedule
PRIVATE PHILANTHROPY IN CHINA:  LEADERSHIP VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES

PHILANTHROPY IN THE UNITED STATES:  AN INTRODUCTORY SEMINAR
October 26-28, 2009
coordinated by
The Hauser Center, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
and
The Philanthropic Initiative, Inc.

In October 2009 a delegation of leaders from the emerging Chinese private philanthropic sector will visit the United States to explore philanthropic philosophies and practices in this country.  The ten-day visit is designed to provide the delegates with an opportunity to increase their understanding of philanthropy in this country, exchange views with U.S. counterparts, and consider strategies and approaches that might advance the work of their own organizations as well as the broader philanthropic and civil society sector in China.
The study tour will begin with an introductory seminar on U.S. philanthropy coordinated by the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations of Harvard University and The Philanthropic Initiative, Inc. (TPI).  The seminar will provide an overview of the history, philosophy, governance, structure, and practice of philanthropy in the United States and provide ample time to reflect on how the U.S. philanthropic sector and its practices relate to the emerging practice of private philanthropy in China.
Please click here to download Full Schedule
Attachment B List of Delegates
China Private Philanthropy Leadership US Visit Delegation List
1, XU Yongguang, Narada Foundation,Deputy Director of the Board and Secretary General,the Delegation Head
2, CHEN Yimei, Mercy Corps China Office, Country Director, the Delegation Deputy Head
3, Geithner Peter, Harvard University Asia Center, Advisor
4, GAN Dongyu, China Social Entrepreneur Foundation, Secretary General
5*, HE Daofeng, China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation, Deputy Director of the Board
6, LI Lian, Beijing Ren Ai Charity Foundation, Director of the Board
7, LIN Qitai, Beijing Ren Ai Charity Foundation, Secretary General
8, LV Zhao, Nonprofit Incubator (NPI), Director
9, QIU Qingqing, China Social Entrepreneur Foundation, Secretary of the Board
10, RAO Jinxing, Huaxia Center for Economic & Social Development Research, Beijing, Director, the Delegation Secretary General
11, WU Song, XinPing Foundation, Secretary General
12, XU Xiaodong, Vantone Foundation, Director of the Board
13, YANG Dongping, Beijing Western Sunshine Rural Development Foundation, Director of the Board
14, YANG Ping, Sun Yefang Foundation, Secretary General
Notes: 1, Apart from the Head of the Delegation listed on top, the rest of the delegates are listed by alphabetical order of their Chinese names.
         2, 5* Mr. He Daofeng wasn’t able to join the delegation due to a flu.

Attachment C List of Contributions
Listed here are the formal written materials and all in Chinese. This is not an exclusive list because some comments quoted in the final report were made during conversations. And part of those listed below are internal reports to their own organizations at this stage, so not available to public.
1, Mr. Yang Dongping
Blog: http://meici.org.cn/modules/article/view.article.php/171
2, Mr. Yang Ping
Article NPOs, the Instrument of Making the US Society Stable: http://meici.org.cn/modules/article/view.article.php/173
3, Mr. Rao Jinxing
Summarized Report
4, Mr. Gan Dongyu
Article: Journals from the Trip
5, Mr. Xu Xiaodong
Report to the Board